Indium, atomic no.: 49, symbol as In, weight at 114.818, is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant lustre. The pure metal gives a high-pitched "scream" when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. It is useful for making low-melting alloys. An alloy of 24% indium and 76% gallium is liquid at room temperature.
indium would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is commercially available. Indium is a byproduct of the formation of lead and zinc. Indium metal is isolated by the electrolysis of indium salts in water. Further processes are required to make very pure indium for electronics purposes.
Products available
Product Name
Formula
Grade
Description
Applications
Indium Metal (ingot)
In
99.993%
99.995%
silvery white
ITO;
low melting point alloys;
CIGS
Indium Trioxide
In2O3
99.99%
yellowish green odorless pieces
Battery;
semiconductors
Standard Specifications
Indium Metal,the first large-scale application for indium was as a coating for bearings in high-performance aircraft engines during World War II. Afterward, production gradually increased as new uses were found in fusible alloys, solders, and electronics. In the 1950s, tiny beads of it were used for the emitters and collectors of PNP alloy junction transistors. In the middle and late 1980s, the development of indium phosphide semiconductors and indium tin oxide thin films for liquid crystal displays (LCD) aroused much interest. By 1992, the thin-film application had become the largest end use, now indium is used in the synthesis of the semiconductor copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), which is used for the manufacture of thin film solar cells.
Code
In
Zn
Cu
Pb
Cd
Fe
Tl
Sn
As
Al
Total
(%) min.
(ppm) max.
In-4N3
99.993
15
5
10
15
8
10
15
5
7
70
In-4N5
99.995
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
50
Indium Trioxide is used in some types of batteries, thin film infrared reflectors transparent for visible light (hot mirrors), some optical coatings, and some antistatic coatings. In combination with tin dioxide, indium trioxide forms indium tin oxide (also called tin doped indium oxide or ITO), a material used for transparent conductive coatings. In semiconductors, indium trioxide can be used as an n-type semiconductor used as a resistive element in integrated circuits.
Code
In2O3
Zn
Cu
Pb
Cd
Fe
Tl
Sn
As
Al
(%) min.
(ppm) max.
InO-4N
99.99
5
5
5
5
7
5
5
4
4
49
In
114.82
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Minor Metals
